What may be included as side effects of medications?

Side effects of medications can encompass a range of unintended reactions that occur in addition to the therapeutic effects expected from the medication. The choice indicating a change in behavior, rash, or change in swallowing is particularly representative of common side effects.

A change in behavior may occur with various medications, especially those that affect the central nervous system, such as antidepressants or anti-anxiety medications. Skin rashes can be a manifestation of allergic reactions or sensitivities to specific ingredients in medications. A change in swallowing is significant, as it may indicate a serious adverse effect, especially with medications that cause dry mouth or throat swelling, posing risks to safe medication administration.

The other options mention changes that could be seen as alongside the medication's intended effects. For instance, improved mood and energy levels typically reflect the desired outcome rather than a side effect. Increased appetite and sleepiness might be seen as side effects in certain contexts, but they are not universal among all medications and also could align more closely with therapeutic goals for specific conditions. The idea that no side effects should be experienced does not align with the reality of medication use, as many medications do come with potential side effects that need consideration and monitoring.