What does the term "controlled substances" refer to?

The term "controlled substances" specifically refers to medications that have a high potential for abuse, which can lead to physical or psychological dependence. This categorization is critical in the healthcare system since these substances are regulated by law to prevent misuse and protect public health.

Controlled substances are classified into schedules based on their potential for abuse and therapeutic value, with Schedule I substances being the most restricted due to their high potential for addiction and lack of accepted medical use. As a result, healthcare professionals must adhere to strict protocols when prescribing, dispensing, and storing these medications.

The other options do not accurately capture the definition of controlled substances. Medications stored in a locked cabinet may or may not be controlled substances; this is more about security than classification. Over-the-counter medications do not generally pose a risk of abuse or dependence and are not regulated as controlled substances. Vaccines and injectable antibiotics are typically not associated with abuse potential and are thus not classified in this category. Understanding what controlled substances are helps ensure they are handled and dispensed appropriately in medical settings.